Considering Islam

2022 Sep 11

Islam is the third of the Abrahamic religions.

 

This post derived out of a consideration of my own religious perspective, and why I doubt Islam has credibility to be the best religious perspective.

Note that I consider a majority of followers of Islam to be nice people. That is not, however, a defense of the truth of the religious perspective.

See also Muslims and Christians and God.

 

Problems

Islam is one of the major monotheistic religions, but I see that it has complicated issues. Islam seeks to worship the god of Abraham, but it changes the character of Abraham's god from what was revealed before, and not for the better.

Deception: From the beginning

  • Mohammed thought he was loosing his mind when he first had the visions that prompted his religious journey. This gives appearance of either a spirit entity which was deceiving Mohammed, or Mohammed was deceiving himself.
  • Mohammed did not reliably know where his revelations came from. He was apparently unable to distinguish that which came from Allah vs what might come from a deceiving entity which was not Allah. He taught his followers what is now called Satanic Verses and retracted them later as error. It apppears Allah’s prophet could not recognize revelations of truth, it appears he deceived his followers and was unreliable.
  • Today’s standard Islamic narrative says that Mohammed developed his religion in Mecca, that many people had lived there a very long time, and that it was a place with substantial greenery. However, Mecca has insufficient local water sources for this. (It is in the middle of desert, so Mecca is presently supplied with desalinated water piped in from the ocean 40 miles away.) No large quantity of people can live where there is no water, so how can this narrative of Islam's origin must be true?
  • The Quran has substantial content that is scientifically in error. The Quran also teaches apocryphal pseudo-gospel fables about Jesus. If the Quran is from Allah and Allah is all-knowing, then it appears Allah is trying to deceive.
  • Some early teaching in the Quran is replaced with contradictory teaching in later verses of the Quran. The earlier verses are "abrogated". If Allah revealed these teachings, then Allah either changed his mind (therefore particular revelations from Allah can't be known to be reliable truth), or Allah himself did not change but was being deceptive in his revelations. (See this discussion )
  • The Quran says that its followers may not be friends (allies) with those outside of Islam, however to avoid persecution (or to gain advance for Islam) deception about being a friend is OK. •••
  • According to common understanding in Islam, Allah made a person other than Jesus appear to be Jesus and be the one killed on the cross. If this is so, then Allah created the "error" of Christianity and Allah deceived many into following this "mistaken" view. •••

See Quran 4:157-158

If Allah did not want Jesus killed, why didn't he stop the execution instead of deceiving the Jews into thinking they had killed Jesus? (In Islam, Jesus is one of the most honored of the prophets.) Christians and many non-Christians alike have continued to believe that Jesus did die (which is supposedly a deception).

Islam is very concerned that people honor Allah and the prophets that represent him. Very high honor is accorded to Mohammed as Allah's prophet. Allah could not dishonor his prophets, and neither should humans.

Yet it is commonly taught in Islam that Allah purposely made everyone think that one of his greatest prophets, Jesus, had a dishonorable death by crucifixion. If Jesus was a prophet representing Allah, why did Allah permanently dishonor one of his mostly highly esteemed prophets by creating this deception?

If this is what Allah did, then he also deceived all who became Christians by convincing them that Jesus died for the faith, instead of vindicating Jesus publicly without death (as it would seem that Islam would have preferred). If Allah wants all to come into correct submission, why did he convince all the followers of Jesus of this falsehood and lead them astray? Why did Allah convince everyone of a gross error about Jesus for (at least) 600 years instead of correcting this error?

However, according to Sam Shamoun, the common understanding of this verse is a mistake.

For context:

In Quran 8:17 there is a discussion about the Battle of Badr spoken to fighters who had killed their enemies. The verse says it was not them that killed, but it was Allah's will that did it (through them). This is the Quranic way of looking at things.

From Quran 2:87, God sent many prophets, specifically mentioning Jesus as one of these. These messengers were ignored or killed.

Back to Quran 4:157: This verse is spoken to Jews (not to Christians). These Jews were boasting that they had killed Jesus and by doing so, they had proved that Jesus was a fraud and he was not who he said he was. The message here is that although to them it looked like they had killed Jesus, instead (as in 8:17) it was not them but God's will that did it (through them). God afterward then raised Jesus up [from death], thus validating Jesus and his message.

It says: Don't take unbeliever friends instead of believers. Quran 3:28, 3:118, 4:144, 5:51 However if it is to your safety (or advantage) to feign friendship with an unbeliever, that is OK. Quran 3:28

Note that I do not think that all in the Islamic faith follow this injunction. Many genuinely give their friendship to those outside the faith. And yet if they do so, they are not fully living out their faith.

Deception is immoral because it obscures truth and it prevents truth. If Allah deceived Mohammed or let him be deceived then how can a Muslim know that what Allah last said through Mohammed is true? •••

Since deception is allowed (and sometimes encouraged) in Islam at some levels, what assurance can be had that the deception is only in these known places? (See Lying and Deception) How can there be certainty that the faith is trustworthy everywhere to a follower when we already know it is not trustworthy everywhere to everyone? Might followers of Islam think that they themselves could be deceived? Why should they think they are not deceived?

Only a religion that fully and transparently seeks to avoid deception at all levels should be trusted to not also be hiding deception against its own people. Letting deception in the door at even one level with regard to a religion legitimately brings doubt about it all all levels.

Derivation: Continuity issues

Islam claims to derive from Judaism and Christianity and to supersede them. And yet it did not come from a Jewish culture (as Christianity did), nor did it come from a Christian culture.

Islam came into existence from out of a pagan culture, about a thousand years after the Judaism of the Bible and about 600 years after Jesus. Mohammed as founder only knew of those other distant cultures and/or religions from uncertain sources, and not personal knowledge. So, Mohammed arguably from the beginning mis-understood both Judaism and Christianity. To this day the understanding of Christianity in Islam certainly is in error. •••

One example: Mohammed taught that the Trinity in Christianity was the Father, Son (Jesus) and mother (Mary)  (Quran 5:116).

This is a gross error; I do not know of any Christian group that has this belief. The orthodox teaching of the Trinity in all Christianity is Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Was Mohammed was deceived? Or, was Mohammed intending to deceive his followers?

Note that getting the correct concept of the Trinity is unimportant in this example. The important part is that teaching within Islam has obvious errors. What can be trusted of the teaching then?

If Mohammed's Allah was the same god entity that went first to the Jews and Christians, then Allah could have made a smooth transition forward. Islam, however, is very different from Judaism or Christianity. If the difference was because Jews and Christians had failed to correctly follow this god, this was actually the god's own failure because he was unable to keep them on a correct path. For those that follow Mohammed and think there is continuity in Allah, why should they think their god has them now on the correct path?

Islam claims to honor Judaism and Christianity, and yet it actively and violently fights them. The claim and the actions do not agree, and the actions are the evidence of the true position. So from the evidence of actions, domination is the true goal and the words are a deception to those both inside and outside of Islam.

Islam's claim to honor what came before is useful just to gain footholds. However the actions show that Islam does not have continuity from before. Therefore, those earlier religions do not strengthen the legitimacy of Islam.

Disrespect: Islam is threatened by disrespect

Mohammed and his followers (in the early 600s AD) had been insulting the gods of the people of Mecca. Likewise in return the Meccans were insulting Allah. This disrespect was so unacceptable to Mohammed that he and his followers warred with the Meccans. However, Mohammed was loosing this war and the number of his followers was dwindling. Then Mohammed had a revelation to not insult disbelievers of Allah otherwise the unbelievers might insult Allah (Quran 6:108).

Why does an all-powerful god like Allah (or the followers of such a god) even notice lack of respect? Humans are insignificant with respect to such a god and the respect of people would have no bearing on the god's position. An actual god like how as Allah is described is independent of humans and does not either gain status or lose status because of the opinions of mere humans.

To this day, the followers of Islam take threat from disrespect of their religion. (Many of them intimidate the world as a counter to this.) It would appear that even though Islam already has had great success, Allah is still threatened by human opinions.

Oddly, Allah does not seem to notice all the humans that quietly hold an opinion of full disrespect toward him. Although Allah should have the ability to detect these private opinions, he does not take personal action against them. Allah apparently only cares about publicly expressed disrespect. Is Allah unaware of internal human thoughts? Or is this the human followers of Allah who feel that public expression of disrespect for Allah is personal disrespect to them?

The only actual evidence we have is that the humans of Islam are the ones concerned about disrespect. Is Allah there to take personal action against disrespect? Does Islam incorrectly represent that Allah actually cares about disrespect?

Bullying: Being a bully demonstrates an actual lack of position

A human bully usually is one that wants power but does not actually have it yet. Therefore, the bully uses intimidation and violence to appropriate the perception of power. In many cases the bully only maintains the power they control by continuing to act in the same way.

Normally if you are in a genuine position of power, you don’t need to bully someone to achieve your ends because you have the authority to accomplish your will.

Mohammed bullied a majority of people into adopting his religion. As he gained power and numbers of followers toward the end of his life, Mohammed increasingly used intimidation and the violence of war to accelerate expansion of what he controlled. However, if Allah was personally powerful, did he need to force people to obey him by the human sword? Many followers of Islam today still play the bully when they can. Why does Allah act as a petty god by requiring his people to act this way? Is Allah an actual being with actual authority?

It is commonly recognized that human bullies by their actions simply are exhibiting poor character. Humans with good character are recognized by all as better than this, better than the bullies. Why does Allah act like a human with poor character? Why do humans with recognized good character act better than Allah?

Love: Allah does not love those that do not love him

The love of Allah is conditional.

Allah does not love the unbelievers. Quran 3:32

Imagine a different god that loves all people regardless of their beliefs or actions. This god could also be a just god that metes punitive justice on those that act wrongly. (The wrongs could include lack of obedience and love.) The god obviously would prefer that people acted justly, however, the god could both love all people and still fulfill justice.

In fact, this is what good earthly parents are like. They love all their children. However, if their children deeply misbehave (that is, acting anti-loving to those around them), these parents may punish these children even while they still deeply love them. So, good human parents still love children that do not love them. This is universally recognized in human culture as the most noble kind of parenting.

In this way then, human parents appear as better and more noble than Allah. How is Allah the best when Allah is not even as noble or as good as humans?

Take-aways

These difficulties I see with Islam are clearly insufficient to convince an adherent to leave Islam. For them, there is too much inertia or sunk cost in the position to make a change based on my summary notes here. Islam also teaches that Allah is inscrutable, therefore, since it is impossible to understand or predict Allah, we are not to question that which is inconsistent or even irrational. ••• However, I see these concerns as serious issues with the religion, and they are the core of my fundamental doubts that the religion accurately represents truth. •••

The Standard Islamic Narrative depends on three things: a book, a man, and a place. It depends on the reliability of the Qur'an, reliablity about the man Muhammad, and reliability about the place of Mecca. There are deep problems with all three.

I believe that we live in a physical world that is deeply rational. Evidence for this is that science (a deeply rational human endeavor) is very successful. This is evidence to me that truth itself is not irrational, and therefore, it is doubtful to me that this world could have come from a god that does irrational things.

That is not to say that humans should be able to fully understand a god. By definition a god is superior to humans and therefore unlikely to be understood even as well as we understand other humans. It also is not to say that there is no mystery to humans about the actions of a god. Since a god has a larger context regarding the world than humans do, there are likely to be things the god does that are mysterious to humans in their limitations. But this never means that those things need be irrational.

So Islam has a history of deception, violence and poor character. A religion of truth does not originate from deception, sanctioned violence in religion is playing the bully (is not peaceable), and poor character is already less than what is widely recognized to be what is good.

Because of these issues, I cannot see Islam as the best religion and the most truthful religion.